Q: What is the ruling on shaving the beard in Islam?
The ruling on shaving the beard is a matter that has been thoroughly discussed by Islamic scholars. The majority opinion among scholars is that shaving the beard is haram (forbidden) and that letting it grow is obligatory. This ruling is based on various authentic hadiths and the consensus of many scholars.
One of the primary evidences supporting the obligation of growing a beard is found in the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). He said: "Trim closely the mustache and let the beard grow." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]. In another hadith, he said: "Trim the mustaches and leave the beards; be different from the Magians." [Muslim]. These hadiths clearly indicate that Muslims are commanded to grow their beards and trim their mustaches.
Ibn Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) reported that the scholars are unanimously agreed that it is not permissible to shave the beard. This consensus further solidifies the ruling that shaving the beard is prohibited.
Additionally, the command to let the beard grow implies a prohibition of its opposite, which is shaving. This principle is well-established in Islamic jurisprudence, where a command to do something generally indicates the prohibition of doing its opposite. Therefore, the command to grow the beard means that shaving it is forbidden.
However, there are some exceptions to this rule. In cases of genuine necessity, where a person faces severe harm or danger, it may be permissible to shave the beard. The principle of necessity in Islamic law allows for prohibitions to be lifted when there is a compelling need. Allah says in the Quran: "…while He has explained in detail to you what He has forbidden you, excepting that to which you are compelled." [Quran 6:119]. Scholars have outlined that necessity is when a person faces a situation of danger or severe hardship that threatens their life, body, honor, mind, or property.
In conclusion, the ruling in Islam is that shaving the beard is haram and letting it grow is obligatory. This is based on the commands of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the consensus of scholars. Only in cases of genuine and pressing necessity can this ruling be relaxed. Muslims are encouraged to adhere to the teachings of the Prophet and maintain their beards as a sign of following the Sunnah and distinguishing themselves with the characteristics of the Islamic faith.
May Allah guide us all to follow His commands and the Sunnah of His Prophet. And Allah knows best.